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"The White Man's Burden" is a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling. It was originally published in the popular magazine ''McClure's'' in 1899, with the subtitle ''The United States and the Philippine Islands''.〔"The White Man's Burden". ''McClure's'' Magazine 12 (Feb. 1899).〕 The poem was originally written for Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, but exchanged for "Recessional"; Kipling changed the text of "Burden" to reflect the subject of American colonization of the Philippines, recently won from Spain in the Spanish–American War.〔Stephen Greenblatt (ed.), ''Norton Anthology of English Literature'', New York 2006 ISBN 0-393-92532-3.〕 The poem consists of seven stanzas, following a regular rhyme scheme. At face value it appears to be a rhetorical command to white men to colonize and rule other nations for the benefit of those people (both the people and the duty may be seen as representing the "burden" of the title). Although Kipling's poem mixed exhortation of empire with somber warnings of the costs involved, imperialists within the United States of America understood the phrase "white man's burden" as justifying imperialism as a noble enterprise.〔 〕〔 p. 5: "...imperialist editors came out in favor of retaining the entire archipelago (using) higher-sounding justifications related to the "white man's burden."〕〔: "Theodore Roosevelt...thought the verses 'rather poor poetry, but good sense from the expansionist stand-point'. Henry Cabot Lodge told Roosevelt in turn: 'I like it. I think it is better poetry than you say'."〕〔Examples of justification for imperialism based on Kipling's poem include the following (originally published 1899–1902): * : "An extraordinary sensation has been created by Mr. Rudyard Kipling's new poem, ''The White Man's Burden,'' just published in a New York magazine. It is regarded as the strongest argument yet published in favor of expansion." * . Full text of a novel by Thomas Dixon praising the Ku Klux Klan, published online by The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.〕〔: charactising the poem as a "call to imperial conquest".〕 Because of its theme and title, it has become emblematic both of Eurocentric racism and of Western aspirations to improve and industrialise the developing world.〔"Eurocentrism". In ''Encyclopedia of the Developing World''. Ed. Thomas M. Leonard, Taylor & Francis, 2006, ISBN 0-415-97662-6, p. 636.〕〔Chisholm, Michael (1982). ''Modern World Development: A Geographical Perspective''. Rowman & Littlefield, 1982, ISBN 0-389-20320-3, p.12.〕〔Mama, Amina (1995). ''Beyond the Masks: Race, Gender, and Subjectivity''. Routledge, 1995, ISBN 0-415-03544-9, p. 39.〕 A century after its publication, the poem still rouses strong emotions, and can be analyzed from a variety of perspectives. == Poem == ''Original title: "The White Man's Burden: The United States and The Philippine Islands"''〔(Original published version )〕 Take up the White Man's burden, Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile, to serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden, In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden, The savage wars of peace— Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought. Take up the White Man's burden, No tawdry rule of kings, But toil of serf and sweeper, The tale of common things. The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread, Go mark〔In the original published version, this word is "make". http://www.unz.org/Pub/McClures-1899feb-00290〕 them with your living, And mark them with your dead. Take up the White Man's burden And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard— The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:— "Why brought he us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night?" Take up the White Man's burden, Ye dare not stoop to less— Nor call too loud on Freedom To cloke your weariness; By all ye cry or whisper, By all ye leave or do, The silent, sullen peoples Shall weigh your gods and you. Take up the White Man's burden, Have done with childish days— The lightly proferred laurel, The easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your manhood, through all the thankless years Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers! 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The White Man's Burden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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